Surveillance of adverse events following immunization with inactivated influenza vaccines among the elderly in Huzhou City / 预防医学

Objective@# To investigate the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with inactivated influenza vaccine among the elderly in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into safety monitoring and evaluation of inactivated influenza vaccines.@*Methods@#Data pertaining to surveillance on AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Huzhou City from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, including demographics, time of AEFI occurrence, classification of AEFI and clinical syndromes, and the reported incidence and epidemiological features of AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. @*Results@#Totally 84 elderly cases at ages of 60 years and older were reported with AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines in Huzhou City from 2020 to 2022, with a reported incidence rate of 9.83/105 doses, and the reported incidence rates of AEFI with trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines were 9.74/105 doses and 48.71/105 doses, respectively. The reported incidence rates of general, abnormal, coincidence and psychogenic reactions were 7.96/105 doses, 1.52/105 doses, 0.23/105 doses and 0.12/105 doses, respectively, and no vaccine quality accidents or wrong vaccine administered were reported. The cases with AEFI included 52 women and 32 men, and most cases were aged from 60 to 69 years (44 cases, 52.38%). The highest incidence of AEFI was reported in Nanxun District (17.94/105 doses), and there were 79 cases (94.05%) with AEFI within 24 hours following vaccination. The clinical symptoms mainly included fever, local redness and swelling, and local induration, with reported incidence rates of 2.22/105 doses, 3.74/105 doses, and 1.99/105 doses, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The reported incidence of AEFI with inactivated influenza vaccines is low among the elderly at ages of 60 years and older in Huzhou City, with general reactions as predominant AEFI, and most AEFI occurs within 24 hours following vaccination.

Electrocardiographic effect of artemisinin-piperaquine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and artemether-lumefantrine treatment in falciparum malaria patients

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), such as artemisinin-piperaquine (AP), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), and artemether-lumefantrine (AL), is the first-line treatment for malaria in many malaria-endemic areas. However, we lack a detailed evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of these ACTs. This study aimed to analyze the electrocardiographic effects of these three ACTs in malaria patients. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical data of 89 hospitalized patients with falciparum malaria who had received oral doses of three different ACTs. According to the ACTs administered, these patients were divided into three treatment groups: 27 treated with AP (Artequick), 31 with DP (Artekin), and 31 with AL (Coartem). Electrocardiograms and other indicators were recorded before and after the treatment. The QT interval was calculated using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) and Bazett's formula (QTcB). RESULTS: Both QTcF and QTcB interval prolongation occurred in all three groups. The incidence of such prolongation between the three groups was not significantly different. The incidence of both moderate and severe prolongation was not significantly different between the three groups. The ΔQTcF and ΔQTcB of the three groups were not significantly different. The intra-group comparison showed significant prolongation of QTcF after AL treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically recommended doses of DP, AL, and AP may cause QT prolongation in some malaria patients but do not cause torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia or other arrhythmias.

Effect of hot spring bathing on rheumatoid related indicators and joint pain / 上海预防医学

Objective To observe the intervention effect of typical hot spring bathing in Guizhou province on joint pain, serum anti-keratin antibody(AKA), anti-perinuclear factor antibody(APF)and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(CCP). Methods A total of 160 people with joint pain symptoms from five typical hot spring areas in Guizhou province were selected as the subjects. They were treated with hot spring bathing intervention for 4 weeks, once a day, 5 times a week, 40 to 50 minutes each time. According to the evaluation index of physiotherapy natural mineral water in the Code for Geological Exploration and Evaluation of Natural Warm Mineral Water Resources(GB/T 13727-2016)and geological types, the five typical hot springs were divided into three different types, namely water temperature type hot springs(water temperature > 36 ℃), metasilicate type hot springs(metasilicate > 50 mg/L)and warm mineral spring type hot springs(total dissolved solids > 1 000 mg/L). WHO pain grading standard was used to score the degree of joint pain before and after hot spring bathing intervention. Serum APF, AKA and CCP antibodies were detected by ELISA kit before and after hot spring bathing. Results The joint pain score of the subjects was 2.60±0.60, and the joint pain score of the total population decreased after intervention(0.61±0.57, P < 0.05). Before intervention, the joint pain scores of water temperature type, metasilicic acid type and warm mineral spring type were 2.78±0.96, 1.98±1.15 and 3.31±0.57, respectively. After intervention, the scores of joint pain of the three kinds of hot spring bathing patients all decreased(P < 0.05), and were 0.50±0.65, 0.48±0.74 and 0.85±0.90, respectively. Before intervention, AKA(ng/L)and CCP(μg/mL)antibody levels of the observed subjects were 34.89±16.06 and 107.58±10.40, respectively, which significantly decreased after intervention(both P < 0.05), namely 26.06±10.68 and 102.93±6.01, respectively. AKA(ng/L)was 35.04±20.01 before intervention, but decreased significantly after intervention(26.61±7.54, P < 0.05). AKA(ng/L)and CCP(μg/mL)were 31.09±17.26 and 106.51±10.13 before intervention, respectively. After intervention, the above two antibody indexes significantly decreased(all P < 0.05)to 24.53±13.98 and 98.57±5.68, respectively. Before intervention, the AKA(ng/L), APF(ng/mL)and CCP(μg/mL)antibody levels were 38.40±8.66, 349.46±118.43 and 104.96±9.66, respectively. After intervention, the above three antibody indexes significantly decreased(all P < 0.05). The values were 34.00±7.55, 269.38±127.55 and 101.65±3.04, respectively. Conclusion The typical hot spring bathing intervention in Guizhou province can relieve the symptoms of joint pain, and the three types of hot springs can reduce the levels of AKA, APF and CCP antibodies to different degrees, and the warm mineral spring type of hot spring is better than the other types of hot spring.

In silico cloning, expression and bioinformatics analysis of NtODB from common tobacco / 生物工程学报

It has been reported that ODB genes play an important role in homologous recombination-directed DNA repair, suggesting their potential applications in plant breeding. To analyze the expression characteristics of tobacco NtODB gene, the cDNA sequence of NtODB was obtained using in silico cloning technique. The physicochemical properties, signal peptide, and advanced structures of the predicted protein were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the NtODB gene has a 579-bp open reading frame which encodes a protein with 192 amino acid residues. The protein NtODB is predicted to be alkaline and hydrophilic. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that NtODB was constitutively expressed in different tissues. Subcellular localization showed that NtODB was mainly expressed in cell membrane and chloroplast. These results may help us to better understand and elucidate the roles of ODB genes in the homologous recombination-directed DNA repair.

Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction, Fe and rhEPO based on colon cancer-related anemia model and gut microbiota modulation / 中国天然药物

Colon cancer-related anemia (CCRA) is mainly caused by systemic inflammation, intestinal bleeding, iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer. However, the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain. Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper. Here, CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p. oxaliplatin, rhEPO + DBD high dosage + Fe (EDF) and rhEPO + DBD high dosage (ED) groups had the best blood enrichment effect. Attractively, EDF group also showed antitumor activity. The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen (Odoribacter) in ED and EDF groups were decreased. Interestingly, EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria (Helicobacter, Lactococcus, Alloprevotella) and imbalance-inducing bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides) and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014), however, ED showed the opposite effects to EDF, this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group. Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD, rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.

Application of relative quality constant in grades evaluation of bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus / 中国中药杂志

The specifications of Chinese herbal medicines naturally form and exist in the circulation and use of Chinese herbal medicines.Buyers and sellers negotiate price by quality. With the increasing demand for public health care,the cultivation,processing methods and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines have changed. Under the mode of pursuing output and short-term benefits,the traditional grade evaluation method has been difficult to apply to the current quality status of the pieces. Bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus is a genuine medicinal material in Jiangxi province. It is widely used,but the quality level of bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus on the market is not uniform. Quality constant method was used in this paper for grading the Chinese herbal slices of bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus. Sixteen batches of different quality samples were collected and tested,and finally,eleven qualified batches of them were chosen as researcher objects. The results showed that the relative quality constant ranged from 2. 52 to 5. 60. The relative quality constant was ≥4. 48 for first grade bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus,2. 80-4. 48 for the second grade pieces,and <2. 80 for the third grade pieces. The grades evaluation method for bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus established in this paper included both appearance and index composition. The results were objective,accurate,quantitative,applicable,and the method was simple to operate and easy to popularize. This study showed that the quality constant method could be applied to the grade evaluation of bran stir-baked Aurantii Fructus,providing a reference for the grade evaluation of fruit-type decoction pieces.

Modern research approaches and strategies for compatibility effects and efficacy components of herbal pairs / 药学学报

The herb pair is the simple and exquisite experience summary accumulated by generations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experts in the process of long-term herbal prescription for curing diseases. Although it is only a combination of two herbs, it is cleverly matched and properly proportioned, which can well interpret TCM characteristics of "great combination and artful application". Moreover, the herb pair is an intermediate point between single herb and several TCM formulae, which implicates certain regularity and some connotation of many TCM formulae for diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of the illness and the patient's condition. Our team has long been focusing on the complexity of drug interactions and the diversity of TCM components to carry out systematic research on herb pair by using modern scientific and technological knowledge and approaches. As results, a series of modern research approaches and strategies formed for the compatibility effect and bio-active components of the herb pair. By representing the principles and application characteristics of these approaches, this paper provides important support for elucidating scientific connotation of compatibility regularity of herb pairs and application of formulae optimization, as well as explorative ideas and approaches for modern research on other herb pairs.

Comparative study on the effects of different proportions of ginkgo ketoester and donepezil on anti-dementia based on principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods / 药学学报

The combination of ginkgo ketoester tablet - donepezil (GD) is a popular combination commonly used in clinic for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. To evaluate the learning and memory improving ability of different proportions of the two drugs. We optimized the ratio of GD for treatment of dementia using a mouse model. Dementia was induced by multiple neuronal damages in mice. The experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethical Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and all the procedures were strictly conducted in accordance with ethical principle of animal use and care. Morris water maze, brain hematosylin-eosin staining and the changes of the neurotransmitters and related enzymes in the plasma or brain tissues were tested to determine the effect of GD on dementia mice. The results showed that the dementia mice were significantly different from the normal group in terms of behavior, pathological sections and related indicators. Compared to the dementia mice, partial administration groups could improve learning and memory ability as well as indexes in the blood and brain tissues. Both the principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the total effect of GD on anti-dementia. The results showed that the combination of two drugs at the dose of 0.5 to 1 times was in a dose-effect relationship, and the dose of 1 (the clinical equivalent) had the best treatment effect. Then based on the optimal dose, GD 1∶1 had best effect, which was consistent with the clinical use of two drugs. This provides scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between ketoester tablet and donepezil for modern clinic medicine.

Precision medicine corpus annotation in liver neoplasms / 军事医学

Objective To construct a high-quality precision medicine corpus in liver neoplams and to alleviate the shortage of biomedical corpora .Methods Initial corpus annotation guideline were drafted according to current biomedical corpora, and the guidelines were gradually revised through pre-annotation using Brat tool before formal annotation of the named entities and the relations was started .Results The corpus annotation of 210 abstracts was completed , including 10045 named entities and 2489 semantic relations .Conclusion A high-quality precision medicine corpus in liver neoplasmis made available and the annotation guidelines are formulated .

Simultaneous Determination of Ten Banned Substances in Pig Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A simple, sensitive and reliable method was developed for simultaneous determination of ten banned drugs residues including zeranols(ZALs),chloroamphenicol,pentachlorophenol,etc. in swine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The urine samples were pretreated using lyophilization and QuEChERS procedures, respectively. Acetonitrile and ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L) were chosen as mobile phases. Target compounds were separated well in ZorbaxSB-C18by following the optimized gradient elution program and determined by LC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization mode. The linearity of the matrix-matched standard curve of ten analytes in two methods was good in the range of the experimental concentration with correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The recoveries of ten drugs were in the range of 80.7%-107.7% and 73.5%-103.3% at the spiked levels of 5,10 and 20 μg/L by lyophilization and QuEChERS methods,respectively. The coefficients of variation were less than 15%. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) from lyophilization and QuEChERS method were 0.1 to 2.0 μg/L and 0.2 to 5.0 μg/L,respectively.

Application of Delayed Surgical Managements in Patients with Stensen's Duct Injury / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate surgical treatment outcomes after delayed parotid gland and duct injuries.Nine patients subjected to parotid gland and duct injuries with 1-to 3-month treatment delay were retrospectively evaluated with special reference of etiology,past medical history,and injury location.Conservative treatment,microsurgical anastomosis,and diversion of salivary flow or ligation were chosen for delayed parotid gland and duct injuries concerning to their site of injury,time of repair and procedures.Assistant treatment as pressure dressing was adopted thereafter.All patients experienced an uneventful recovery at the time of finalizing the study.Two patients received Stensen's duct ligation,5 received microsurgical anastomosis and 2 accepted salivary flow diversion for 5 patients with sialoceles and 4 patients with fistulas,and no re-occurrence was found.Facial paralysis occurred after surgery in 4 patients,and 3 of them recovered after the nerve nutrition treatment.Our study suggested that appropriate surgical treatment is efficient for the re-establishment of the tissue function and facial aesthetic for delayed injury of the parotid and its duct.

Application of Delayed Surgical Managements in Patients with Stensen's Duct Injury / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate surgical treatment outcomes after delayed parotid gland and duct injuries.Nine patients subjected to parotid gland and duct injuries with 1-to 3-month treatment delay were retrospectively evaluated with special reference of etiology,past medical history,and injury location.Conservative treatment,microsurgical anastomosis,and diversion of salivary flow or ligation were chosen for delayed parotid gland and duct injuries concerning to their site of injury,time of repair and procedures.Assistant treatment as pressure dressing was adopted thereafter.All patients experienced an uneventful recovery at the time of finalizing the study.Two patients received Stensen's duct ligation,5 received microsurgical anastomosis and 2 accepted salivary flow diversion for 5 patients with sialoceles and 4 patients with fistulas,and no re-occurrence was found.Facial paralysis occurred after surgery in 4 patients,and 3 of them recovered after the nerve nutrition treatment.Our study suggested that appropriate surgical treatment is efficient for the re-establishment of the tissue function and facial aesthetic for delayed injury of the parotid and its duct.

Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Tracheal Intubation Stress Response in Elderly Patients with Hypertension / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on tracheal intubation stress response in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS:A total of 105 elderly hypertensive patients who underwent selective general anes-thesia with tracheal intubation were selected from our hospital during Jun. 2014-May 2016,and then divided into group A,B,C according to random number table,with 35 cases in each group.Three groups received general anesthesia,Dexmedetomidine injec-tion 0.3,0.6,1.0 μg/kg by intravenous infusion and Remifentanil injection 0.5 μg/kg 15 min before intubation.After 10 min of ad-ministration,3 groups stopped drug infusion and received tracheal intubation fiberoptic bronchoscope. Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR),blood pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),respiratory rate(RR)were observed in 3 groups at 5 min after entering surgery room(T1),immediately after infusion(T2),immediately after intubation(T3),1 min after intubation(T4),5 min after intubation(T5). Ramsay sedation scores,cough scores and intubation tolerance scores were also recorded in 3 groups at T3, and the occurrence of ADR was compared among 3 groups. RESULTS:At T1,there was no statistical significance in MAP,HR, SpO2or RR among 3 groups(P>0.05).At T2,above indexes of 3 groups were decreased significantly than at T1,with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance among 3 groups(P>0.05).At T3,T4 and T5,MAP,HR,SpO2and RR of 3 groups were increased significantly than at T2,and MAP and HR of group A were significantly higher than those of group B and C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in SpO2or RR among 3 groups(P>0.05). At T3,Ramsay sedation scores,cough scores,intubation tolerance scores of group B and C were significantly higher than those of group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of hypertension,tachycardia,cough and restlessness in group A were significantly higher than group B and C(P<0.05),the incidence of bradycardia and respiratory depression in group C were significantly higher than group A and B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg can effectively inhibit stress response and maintain hemodynamics stable in elderly hypertensive patients during tracheal in-tubation,and dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg has relatively lower incidence of ADR.

Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Tracheal Intubation Stress Response in Elderly Patients with Hypertension / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on tracheal intubation stress response in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS:A total of 105 elderly hypertensive patients who underwent selective general anes-thesia with tracheal intubation were selected from our hospital during Jun. 2014-May 2016,and then divided into group A,B,C according to random number table,with 35 cases in each group.Three groups received general anesthesia,Dexmedetomidine injec-tion 0.3,0.6,1.0 μg/kg by intravenous infusion and Remifentanil injection 0.5 μg/kg 15 min before intubation.After 10 min of ad-ministration,3 groups stopped drug infusion and received tracheal intubation fiberoptic bronchoscope. Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR),blood pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),respiratory rate(RR)were observed in 3 groups at 5 min after entering surgery room(T1),immediately after infusion(T2),immediately after intubation(T3),1 min after intubation(T4),5 min after intubation(T5). Ramsay sedation scores,cough scores and intubation tolerance scores were also recorded in 3 groups at T3, and the occurrence of ADR was compared among 3 groups. RESULTS:At T1,there was no statistical significance in MAP,HR, SpO2or RR among 3 groups(P>0.05).At T2,above indexes of 3 groups were decreased significantly than at T1,with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance among 3 groups(P>0.05).At T3,T4 and T5,MAP,HR,SpO2and RR of 3 groups were increased significantly than at T2,and MAP and HR of group A were significantly higher than those of group B and C,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in SpO2or RR among 3 groups(P>0.05). At T3,Ramsay sedation scores,cough scores,intubation tolerance scores of group B and C were significantly higher than those of group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of hypertension,tachycardia,cough and restlessness in group A were significantly higher than group B and C(P<0.05),the incidence of bradycardia and respiratory depression in group C were significantly higher than group A and B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg can effectively inhibit stress response and maintain hemodynamics stable in elderly hypertensive patients during tracheal in-tubation,and dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg has relatively lower incidence of ADR.

Comparative study on promoting blood effects of Danshen-Honghua herb pair with different preparations based on chemometrics and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of Danshen-Honghua(DH) herb pair with different preparations (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) on blood rheology and coagulation functions in acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the best preparation method of DH based on principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods. Ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline were both used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. Then the blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with DH (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) extracts. The whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and haematocrit(HCT) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations and doses on hemorheology of blood stasis rats; the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), and plasma fibrinogen(FIB) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations on blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation of blood stasis rats. Then PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were all used to comprehensively evaluate the total promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of DH herb pair with different preparations. The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had significant differences with normal blank group. As compared with the model group, the DH herb pair with different preparations at low, middle and high doses could improve the blood hemorheology indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the high dose group of 50% alcohol extract had the best effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Under the same dose but different preparations, 50% alcohol DH could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. These results suggested that DH herb pair with different preparations could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats, and the optimized preparation of DH herb pair on promoting blood effects was 50% alcohol extract, providing scientific basis for more effective application of the DH herb pair in modern clinic medicine.

Suggestions on the diagnostic criteria of childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sleep architecture and hypoxia and clinical features of habitual snoring children with an obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) 1 to 5.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The polysomnographic data of 267 children aged from 2 to 16 years with habitual snoring were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical features were analyzed in 108 of the children. The recruited children were divided into primary snoring group (PS group, OAHI≤1), obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) group (1<OAHI≤5 and obstructive apnea index≤1), lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO2≤0.92) and OSAHS group (OAHI>5 or dostructive apnea index>1, LSpO2<0.92).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The oxygen desaturation index of the intermediate OSAHS group (3.8±0.4) was significantly higher than that of PS group (1.6±0.1) (χ2=34.5, P<0.01). The LSpO2 of intermediate OSAHS group was significantly lower than that of PS group (89(87,91) vs. 93(91,94), χ2=40.2, P<0.01). Comparing to the PS group, the non-rapid eye movement 1 ratio (N1%) was significantly higher (19.0±1.2 vs. 14.2±0.1, χ2=14.1, P<0.01), and the non-rapid eye movement 3 ratio (N3%) was significantly lower (24.4±1.0 vs. 29.0±1.1, P<0.01) in the intermediate OSAHS group. The pediatric questionnaire score intermediate OSAHS group was higher than PS (0.41±0.19 vs. 0.28±0.14, χ2=8.52, P=0.01). The adenoids-nasopharynx ratio was higher than that of PS group (0.70±0.07 vs. 0.62±0.10, χ2=8.96, P=0.01). The hypertrophy of tonsil was higher than PS group (2(1,2) vs. 1(1,2), χ2=7.95, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia and abnormal sleep structure are present in HS children with an OAHI of 1 to 5, and they also have the clinical features of OSAHS.</p>

Relationship between placental inflammation and fetal inflammatory response syndrome and brain injury in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and brain injury in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and three singleton infants with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (gestation ages of less than 34 weeks) were enrolled. All the placentas were submitted for pathological evaluation. Umbilical cord blood interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured with liquid chip. All preterm infants accepted brain imaging examinations. Based on the placental pathological examination and umbilical cord blood level of IL-6, the 103 infants were classified into HCA⁻ FIRS⁻, HCA⁺ FIRS⁻, and HCA⁺ FIRS⁺ groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidences of HCA, FIRS, and brain injury were 53.4%, 20.4% and 38.8% respectively. The prevalence of brain injury in HCA⁻ FIRS⁻, HCA⁺ FIRS⁻, and HCA⁺ FIRS⁺ cases was 21%, 41%, and 76% respectively (P<0.01). The grade 2 and grade 3 of placental inflammation and the inflammation at stage 2 and stage 3 increased the risk of brain injury. The cord blood levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and G-CSF in the HCA⁺ FIRS⁺ group were significantly higher than in the other two groups, and the levels of the above parameters in the HCA⁺ FIRS⁻ were higher than in the HCA⁻ FIRS⁻ group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Placental inflammation and FIRS are associated with brain injury in preterm infants. Preterm infants exposed to severe placental inflammation have an increased risk of brain injury. Cord blood IL-8, TNF-α and G-CSF may be involved in the process of brain injury in preterm infants with placental inflammation and FIRS.</p>

Natural Outcome of Genital Tract High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Factors among 760 Women / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the natural outcome of genital tract high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and associated factors among women in Xi'an region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 760 women with primary genital tract HR-HPV infection were enrolled and followed up by HPV-DNA genotyping technology. The cervical cytological techniques and/or colposcopy were used when necessary.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among these subjects,the natural clearance rate of HR-HPV infection was 71.58%,with the median time of 8.10 months. The rate of HPV persistent infection was 22.63%, with the median time of 17.23 months. The rate of progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/cervical cancer (CC) was 5.79%, with the median time of 29.34 months. The natural clearance rate (P=0.000), persistent infection rate (P=0.000) and progression rate (P=0.040) in women older than 50 years were statistically difference from other age groups. The persistent infection rate in multiple infections group was significantly lower than that in single infection group (P=0.010), with the median time statistically longer than that in single infection group (P=0.018). The most easily progressive genotypes were HPV-16,HPV-33, HPV-58,HPV-18,HPV-52, and HPV-68, among which HPV-16 was the most common genotype in CIN 3/CC cases, accounting for 85.00%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most of HR-HPV infections are naturally cleared within 2 years, and only a few cases progresses to CIN/CC. Women older than 50 years have a lower natural clearance rate and higher persistent and progressive rates. Multiple infections can affect the persistent infection. HPV-16 is the most common carcinogenic genotype in Xi'an region.</p>

Evaluation and SAR analysis of the cytotoxicity of tanshinones in colon cancer cells / 中国天然药物

AIM@#This study was designed to evaluate the anti-cancer actions of tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA, and six derivatives of tanshinone IIA on normal and cancerous colon cells. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to delineate the significance of the structural modifications of tanshinones for improved anti-cancer action.@*METHOD@#Tanshinone derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the literature. The cytotoxicity of different compounds on colon cancer cells was determined by the MTT assay. Apoptotic activity of the tanshinones was measured by flow cytometry (FCM).@*RESULTS@#Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA both exhibited significant cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells. They are more effective in p53(+/+) colon cancer cell line. It was also noted that the anti-cancer activity of tanshinone I was more potent and selective. Two of the derivatives of tanshinone IIA (N1 and N2) also exhibited cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-colon cancer activity of tanshinone I was more potent and selective than tanshinone IIA, and is p53 dependent. The derivatives obtained by structural modifications of tanshinone IIA exhibited lower cytotoxicity on both normal and colon cancer cells. From steric and electronic characteristics point of view, it was concluded that structural modifications of ring A and furan or dihydrofuran ring D on the basic structure of tanshinones influences the activity. An increase of the delocalization of the A and B rings could enhance the cytotoxicity of such compounds, while a non-planar and small sized D ring region would provide improved anti-cancer activity.

Surgical treatment of refractory cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with recurrent bacterial meningitis in 1 case and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of refractory cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with recurrent bacterial meningitis.Methods The clinical data of 1 case of a 10-year-old boy who had 9 episodes of bacterial meningitis and underwent 4 surgical repair procedures for congenital cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were analyzed,and the related literatures were reviewed.Results During the intervals of 9 episodes of bacterial meningitis,the patient experienced 4 neurosurgical repairs of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea,including 2 endoscopic repairs via the lateral nasal cavity,a craniotomy approach repair via forehead epidural,and an endoscopic repair in combination with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.The first 3 surgeries were all failed,but the final surgery was successful,with no recurrence of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or bacterial meningitis in 3.5 years of follow-up.Conclusions For recurrent meningitis and refractory cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea,the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt can be considered in addition to conventional nasal endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid repair to eliminate the increased cerebrospinal fluid attributable to long-term chronic compensation,and effectively reduce postoperative intracranial hypertension to make the operation success.